Concrete ship.



J. R. WALSH.

CONCRETE SHIP.

APPLIcArloN man MAY-10.1913.

Patented Jan. 21, 1919.

4' SHEETS-SHEET Patented Jan.V 21, 1919.

4 sums-suriya.

l.. R. WALSH.

CONCRETE SHIP- Amlcmou msu mw lo. ma.

Patentd Jan. 2l, 1919.

4 suzirs-snssr a.

SPAS fs* anciana:

l. B. WALSH.

coNcnEIE SHIP.

APPLICATION FILED HAY l0. |918. 1,292,173. Patented Jan. 21,1919

4 SHEETS-SHEET JAMES B.. .WAIQSIL OF II'ACKSOlilVlILIIaIE, FLORIDA.

CONCRETE SHIP.

Specification of Letters Patent.

' Application led May 10, 1918. Serial No. 213,654.

In the ordinary construction of ships and especially concrete ships,great care h as to be taken to reinforce or brace the ship to preventthe collapse thereof transversely or athwartship but ractically noattention has been paid to t e strengthening or bracing the ship againstthe torsional or corkscrew movement. Ships are subjected to a torsionalor cock-screw movement owing to the movement or pressure of thedifferent waves a ainst different parts and unless this torsiona straincaused thereby is provided for, there will be a movement or yielding ofthe ship which will crack or fracture the concrete and make the ordinaryconcrete ship of no commercial use. In the ordinary structure of ships,the same has been braced by transverse deck beams, while in my improvedship the deck beams extend longitudinally of the shi and the -inner skinof the ship braced by ongitudinal girts or beams and the outer skinbraced by Ithe usual form of ribs and intermediate frames ilnflll thewhole tied together to forma solid I also provide torsional braceswhichmay be of any number and extend from the stern to the bow spirallyaround the ship in both directions between the outer and inner skins andinterlocked with the frame,

ribs, longitudinal girts or beams and the deck beams or girts, so thatthe ship is braced from bow to stern against the torsional strain toprevent any substantial yielding to cause the cracking or fracture ofthe cement.

The obj ect of my invention is to provide a simple and effectivestructure to obtain the desired results, having certain details ofstructure and combinations of elements hereinafter more fully set forth.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a side elevation of a shipconstructed according to my invention showing the spiral torsionalbraces ygliagramjl matically:

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of Fig. 1 showing the torsional braces andbulk heads in dotted lines; 4 Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical sectionalview taken on the line 3--3, Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged transverse sectional view showing one half of theship;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged side elevation of a section of the ship showingthe intersection of the ribs, beams, frame and torsional braces beforeVthe outer skin is ap lied;

Fig. 6 is a transverse vertica sectional view taken on the line 6-6,Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a top plan view partly in section of the forward end of amodified form of ship; and

Fig. 8 is a transverse vertical section of the form of ship shown inFig. 7.

Referring now'to the drawings, 1 represents the hull of my improvedconcrete ship, which as shown, is of the whale back type, adapted towithstand the battering of the Waves. This type of ship has been usuallyconstructed of steel and it has been found that they can be made ofconcrete when .properly braced, to resist the torsional strain, the typeof ship allowing for the continuous torsional braces 2 extending fromthe bow to the stern of the ship. These torsional braces extend spirallyaround the ship in both directions and from the bow to the stern asfully shown in Figs. l and 2 of the drawings. Any number of these bracescan be employed and as heretofore stated, they extend spirally aroundthe shi in opposite directions and intersect each ot er at severalpoints along the hull, as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings.

The ship as is understood, is constructed whollv of concrete, reinforcedwith metal and formed vof the double skinj'type as will be hereinaftermore fully described. The keel 3 of the ship as shown in Fig. lof thedrawings, is vertically disposed and formed of any number oflongitudinally extendin r bars 4 which are covered with or wrapped withwire or expanded metal and filled in with concrete, forming a keel whichex- Patented Jan. 21, 1919.

tends from the stern 5 of the ship to the bow. This keel can becontinued upwardly forming the stern post 5 as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 ofthe drawings, although this could be readily varied without departingfrom my invention.

In the ordinary ship, the deck beams extend transversely of the ship'but in a concrete whale back type of ship, it has been found that theship is stronger and will withstand the torsional strain more readily byhaving the deck beams 6 extend longitudinally of the ship as shown inFig. 4 of the drawings.

The hull of a vessel or ship constructed under my invention consists ofthe keel 3 of the form heretofore described'. Extending vupwardly fromthe keel at the proper intervals, are the ribs 6 which terminate at thepoint 7 in the plane of the deck. Spaced between the ribs, are theframes 8 which are iny effect ribs but are of a width considerablygreater than the ribs 6, so as to form a larger surface for tying thetorsional braces as will be hereinafter more fully described. ATheseframes 8 like the ribs 6, extend upwardly to the point 7 Hush with thedeck 9 of the ship and are formedl of bars covered or wrapped withexpanded metal or wire mesh and illed with cement or concrete formingthe rectangular frames. The b-ars of both the ribs 6 and frames 8intersect the keel and are electrically welded tothe bars 4 of the keel,so that when the ship is completed, the reinforcing bars are practicallyone formina more rigid and stronger ship.

xtending the entire length of the ship from the bow to the stern are thebeams 9 which are formed of bars wrapped with expanded metal or wiremesh and filled with concrete, the bars thereof intersecting the ribs 6and frames 9 and electrically welded. The deck beams l0 also extendlongitudinally of the ship and are formed of bars wound with expandedmetalor wire mesh and filled with concrete. The bars of the deck beamsintersect the spiral torsional braces 2 and said bars are electricallywelded to the bars of the braces. Thel deck beams 10 and the 'beams 9are very close together and secured to the inne-r faces of the saidbeams, ribs, frames and torsional braces, is

.the inner skin 11 which is formed of concrete comprising two layers ofexpanded metal or wire mesh and on the outside of the' ribs, frames,beams and torsional braces is the outer skin 12 which is constructed thesame as the inner skin and both the outer and inner skins tied to thebeams, ribs, frames and torsional braces in any desired manner in theconstruction thereof to form practically a solid mass with the ribs,beams, frames and torsional braces, so that there. is absolutely nomovement of any parts independ ent o'f each other.

The beams of the hull as shown, do not y extend all the way to the deckin a vertical line, but follow the contour of the whale back form and atthe point designated A the outer skin leaves the beams and follows theri'bs and frames to form the fiat Hush tudinally of the ship, thusdividing the ship horizontally into the lower compartment 16.

and upper compartment 17.

The hull of the vessel is divided transversely by a series of bulk-heads18 shown in Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings which extend entirely acrossthe vessel forming the com'- partments 19 and the deck beams aresupported by the bulk-heads and said bulkheads are braced bythe braces20, Fig. 3. The inner skin forms the bottom of the vessel and the beamsare broader to bring the inner skin in a horizontall plane as shown inFig. 4 at 15.

The deck of the vessel is provided with hatch coamings 21 which areformed by metal bars the same as the ribs and beams, and the spiralbraces intersect the same at the corners and the bars thereof are weldedtogether s as to thoroughly brace the same and form practically acomposite metal reinforced ship..

Fig. shows two of the spiral braces 2 intersecting each other at a pointopposite one of the frames 8 and Fig. 6 shows a cross section thereof`with theseveral bars 8 of the spiral braces and the offset portions ofthe bars 9 of the frames 8, so that they mayall be welded together toforma complete tie between the bars of the same.

The manner in which the several ribs, beams, frames, braces and theouter and inner skin is formed, in respect to each other isl notdescribed, as the details of the method of the steps of constructionswould form no part of the invention. y

While I have shown andQ described the double skin form of ship, it willunderstood that the same principle of torsional bracing can beemployedin the single skink ship used in the freight service, tankers,etc.,

in which the Weight is an important factor.

but said braces are preferably of a flat or ribbon form. In the singleskin the lhatches are Surrounded by a ribbon of a circular In the singleskin` form and designated at 24 and made of concrete, the same as thespiral braces and to which the braces are secured when they come inposition to intersect the hatch as shown in Fig. 7.

Havin thus fully7 described my invention what I c aim as new and desireto secure by Letters Patent is 1.l A concrete ship comprising a concretemetal reinforced hull, and spiral torsional braces embedded therein andextending from the bow to the stern.

2. A concrete ship comprising `a concrete metal reinforced hull andspiral torsional braces embedded therein and extending in bothdirections from the bow tothe stern.

3. A concrete ship comprising a concrete metal reinforced hull andspiral torsional braces embedded therein and tied to the metalreinforcement and extending from the bow to the stern.

4. A concrete ship comprising a concrete metal reinforced hull andspiral torsional braces embedded therein and tied to the metalreinforcement and extending in both directions from the bow to thestern.

5. A concrete ship comprising a concrete metal reinforced hull the beamsextending longitudinally thereo and spiral torsional braces embedded inthe hull and tied to the beams.

6. A concrete ship comprising a concrete metal reinforced hull, thebeams of which extend longitudinally thereof and spiral torsional bracesembedded therein and extending in both directions the entire length ofthe hull and secured to the beams.

7. A concrete ship comprising a concrete metal reinforced hull, ribs,rames and beams extending longitudinally of the hull, and forming thereinforcement and spiral torsional braces embedded in the hull andextending in both directions and tied to the ribs, frame and beams atthe point of intersection.

8. A concrete ship comprisin longitudinal beams, frames, ribs, spiral7arranged torsional braces tied to the frame, ribs and beams, said ribs,beams and braces formed of reinforced concrete and a metal reinforcedconcrete inner and outer skin inclosing the ribs, beams, frame andbraces having spaces between the same as shown.

9. A concrete shi comprisin longitudinal beams, frame, rigs and spirallyarranged torsional braces tied to the frame, ribs and beams and inclosedin concrete, and an inner and outer skin inclosing the ribs, frame,y

beams and braces substantially as shown.

10. A concrete ship comprising 'a concrete metal reinforced hull havingspiral torsional braces embedded in the sides, bottom and deck of thehull.

11. A concrete ship comprising a concrete metal reinforced hull havingspiral torbraces extending in both directions from the bow to the sternand intersecting the deck beams and the keel.

14. A concrete ship comprisin a concrete metal reinforced hull havingongitudinal beams in the hull and deck, spiral torsional bracesextending in both directions from the bow to the stern and intersectingthe beams and the bars of the beams welded to the bars of the torsionalbraces.

15. A concrete ship'comprising a concrete metal reinforced hull havinglongitudinal beams, ribs, frames, spirally arranged braces extendingfrom the bow to the stern and intersecting the beams, ribs, frames andhaving reinforcement thereof welded together at the points ofintersections and transverse bulkheads dividing the ships into severaltransverse compartments.

16. A concrete ship-comprising a concrete metal reinforced hull havinglongitudinal beams, ribs and frames extending from the keel upwardly toa point in a plane with the deck, deck beams extending longitudinallyIand connecting the side of the ship, and

spiral torsional braces intersecting the hull beams and deck beams andextending entirely around the ship in both directions.

17. A concrete ship comprising a concrete metal reinforced hull havinghatch o enings, metal reinforced rings surrounding t e hatch openings,and spiral torsional braces embedded in the concrete of the hull and thebraces intersecting said openings secured to the rings.

18. A concrete shi comprising a concrete metal reinforced hul, and aseries of continuous spiral torsional braces embedded therein andextending from the bow to the stern.

19. A concrete ship comprising a concrete metal reinforced hull, and aseries of spiral torsional braces embedded therein and extending in bothdirections from the bow to the stern in a continuous line.

20. A concrete ship comprising a concrete metal reinforced hull, thebeams of which extend longitudinally thereof, and spiral torsionalbraces embedded therein and extending in both directions, and tied tothe 125 rings surrounding the hatch openings, and 180 spiral torsionalbraces embedded in the con and tied to the hull,and the bracesintersectcrete of the vhull and the braces intersecting ing saidopenings secured to the rings. 10 said openings secured to the rings. Intestimony whereof, I aiiix my sig-nature,

22. A concrete ship comprisinga concrete in the presence of twowitnesses. 5 metal reinforced hull having hatch open- JAMES R. WALSH.

ings, beams, rings surrounding said hatch Witnesses: v openings, andcontinuous spiral torsional S. E. HOLLEY,

braces embedded in the concrete of the hull A. R. LOGAN.

